1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
The American plantation owners and U.S. Marines had toppled Hawaii's queen in 1893 because the island was a very important stopping point for U.S. ships heading to East Asia. It was also because Hawaii had rich soil that was excellent for growing tropical plants. This all together persuaded the U.S. that it would be a great idea to acquire the islands before another country. Although President Cleveland didn't approve of this and when the new American government in Hawaii tried to take over the islands, Cleveland withdrew the treaty that permitted them to do so. I agree with his quote on page one because the U.S. did not have the right to forcefully take their land. Also I think it is ironic that a nation that claims to give its citizen's freedom is stealing this very right from the Hawaiian people.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
The Industrial Revolution
1)gave Americans new technology to complete everyday tasks with greater ease, mass immigration
2)created greater diversity within the U.S. and expanded the American culture, end to slavery
3)enabled African Americans to be free and allowed them to be true citizens of the U.S., food and drug laws
4)gave people a greater sense of security when purchasing meat products and drugs in stores, urban growth
5)caused an influx of people in U.S. cities where the most jobs were located.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
The economic depression that began in 1893 deepened the divisions in American society by causing more labor strikes because the workers realized their vulnerability in an economy based on industry and manufacturing. This caused people to worry about the nation's future and caused plant owners to worry about profits as well. This resulted in laborers suffering a lot due to constant strikes and labor unions. Farmers also suffered greatly because the depression only hurt there low income.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
Americans attached values to the frontier such as bravery, individualism, ingenuity, and patriotism. Americans feared that the closing of the frontier would harm the nation's character because they felt that once the frontier was done expandingand there would no longer be anything to work for resulting in no new opportunity to be found.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
Some Americans suggested greater involvement over seas because this could be America's new frontier and there could be new land to claim and settle. This would allow the American frontier to continuously expand.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
Imperialism. They said the control over foreign territories and nations would give the United States control to secure export markets, raw materials, and cheap labor.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
Social Darwinism basically was survival of the fittest. According to Darwinists this could be done by the U.S. if other races or cultures were influenced by the country. Scientific racism assigned differences among people according to racial and ethnic groups. These scientists used mental abilities and personality traits as racial characteristics. Whites were obviously considered to be the most superior while blacks were at the bottom. The two confirmed the view that the United States and a handful of European nations were destined by nature to dominate the world; by doing so these countries would become more civilized. I believe these theories are not used today.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
They said America's role was to "lift up" the "downtrodden" of other nations. This being they sent missionaries overseas to do this work. The leaders of this church believed the God had specially blessed Americans that their duty was to civilize the world.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
They only became involved because imperialist-minded leaders convinced others that the United States needed to stabilize any "quarrelsome" nations so that American commerce and influence could travel safely across the seas. The U.S. became involved in Samoa because they made a treaty in 1878 that promised American assistance in case of foreign interference and in return gave America free access to Samoa's harbor. Not too long after Germany and Britain tried to take over parts of Samoa. This led to an 8 year conflict. The United States became involved in Hawaii because they feared that one day the Japanese, who made up one quarter of Hawaii's population, would gain power on the islands and begin to demand rights. This could lead them to preventing the U.S. from accessing its naval base at Pearl Harbor. The United States became involved in the Latin American nations because they were intervening during a revolution.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
The United States were concerned about British involvement in Venezuela because Venezuela shared a border with Guiana, which held large deposits of gold. Olney didn't want any European countries to think they could carve up Latin America for colonies as they did in Africa. Richard Olney invoked the Monroe Doctrine in response.
Wednesday, October 28, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War (1898)
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
Even though the Spanish owned Cuba and rejected America's offer to buy it from them, the American capitalists began investing millions of dollars into the island for its large sugar can plantations. (Later on they were destroyed by Martí's revolution causing American owners to become furious and want support for Spain in order to protect their investments.)
2. José Martí
He was a Cuban poet and journalist who launched a Cuban revolution against Spain in 1895. The revolution sought resistance against Spain and consisted of guerrilla campaign and purposely destroying property. Property that was destroyed consisted of American-owned sugar mills and plantations which made the American owners angry.
3. Valeriano Weyler
He was a Spanish general sent to Cuba in 1896 to restore order. He tried to do this by setting up barbed-wire concentration camps into which he herded the entire rural population of central and western Cuba. This made it so that the rebels could not receive help from the people inevitably crushing the rebellion. There were 300,000 people in these camps; thousands ended up dying from disease and starvation.
4. Yellow journalism It is a style of writing in which news is exaggerated to lure and enrage readers. Two newspaper tycoons, William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World, used this technique. Then people read about exaggerated Spanish brutality, which led to deepening American sympathy for the rebels.
5. De Lôme letter
It was a letter written by the Spanish minister, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, to the United States. Previously William McKinley had just taken office in 1897 and wanted to avoid war even though there was a rise in American intervention in Cuba. His efforts seemed successful when Spain recalled General Weyler, modified the policy regarding concentration camps, and even offered Cuba a limited self-government. Although the letter was not very supportive and criticized the President calling him "weak" and "a bidder for the administration of the crowd". To make matters worse the letter was first heard about when it was stolen from a Havana post office by a Cuban rebel and leaked to the New York Journal in February 1898. Although the Spanish government apologized and the minister resigned, American people were still angry over their president being insulted.
6. U.S.S. Maine
It was sent to Cuba by President McKinley to bring Americans citizens, who were in danger from the fighting, home and protect American property. On February 15, 1898 the ship blew up while in the harbor; more than 260 were killed. Nobody knew who was behind the attack but newspapers blamed the Spanish causing outrage amongst Americans.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
It was freed from Spanish rule.
8. Puerto Rico
It was invaded by American troops on July 25 and later turned over to the United States at Spanish and American peace talks.
9. Guam
It was turned over to America on December 10,1898 at the peace talk in Paris to agree on a treaty.
10. Philippine Islands
Filipinos, like the Cubans, were displeased by Spanish rule and wanted freedom. After Dewey's victory at sea, 11,000 Filipino rebels joined him by the next two months. Soon after the Spanish troops surrendered. On February 6, 1899 the islands became a part of America's rule along with Guam and Puerto Rico.
1. American business owners
Even though the Spanish owned Cuba and rejected America's offer to buy it from them, the American capitalists began investing millions of dollars into the island for its large sugar can plantations. (Later on they were destroyed by Martí's revolution causing American owners to become furious and want support for Spain in order to protect their investments.)
2. José Martí
He was a Cuban poet and journalist who launched a Cuban revolution against Spain in 1895. The revolution sought resistance against Spain and consisted of guerrilla campaign and purposely destroying property. Property that was destroyed consisted of American-owned sugar mills and plantations which made the American owners angry.
3. Valeriano Weyler
He was a Spanish general sent to Cuba in 1896 to restore order. He tried to do this by setting up barbed-wire concentration camps into which he herded the entire rural population of central and western Cuba. This made it so that the rebels could not receive help from the people inevitably crushing the rebellion. There were 300,000 people in these camps; thousands ended up dying from disease and starvation.
4. Yellow journalism It is a style of writing in which news is exaggerated to lure and enrage readers. Two newspaper tycoons, William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World, used this technique. Then people read about exaggerated Spanish brutality, which led to deepening American sympathy for the rebels.
5. De Lôme letter
It was a letter written by the Spanish minister, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, to the United States. Previously William McKinley had just taken office in 1897 and wanted to avoid war even though there was a rise in American intervention in Cuba. His efforts seemed successful when Spain recalled General Weyler, modified the policy regarding concentration camps, and even offered Cuba a limited self-government. Although the letter was not very supportive and criticized the President calling him "weak" and "a bidder for the administration of the crowd". To make matters worse the letter was first heard about when it was stolen from a Havana post office by a Cuban rebel and leaked to the New York Journal in February 1898. Although the Spanish government apologized and the minister resigned, American people were still angry over their president being insulted.
6. U.S.S. Maine
It was sent to Cuba by President McKinley to bring Americans citizens, who were in danger from the fighting, home and protect American property. On February 15, 1898 the ship blew up while in the harbor; more than 260 were killed. Nobody knew who was behind the attack but newspapers blamed the Spanish causing outrage amongst Americans.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
It was freed from Spanish rule.
8. Puerto Rico
It was invaded by American troops on July 25 and later turned over to the United States at Spanish and American peace talks.
9. Guam
It was turned over to America on December 10,1898 at the peace talk in Paris to agree on a treaty.
10. Philippine Islands
Filipinos, like the Cubans, were displeased by Spanish rule and wanted freedom. After Dewey's victory at sea, 11,000 Filipino rebels joined him by the next two months. Soon after the Spanish troops surrendered. On February 6, 1899 the islands became a part of America's rule along with Guam and Puerto Rico.
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
U.S. Imperialism Begins
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
A) To continue manifest destiny
B) Desire for military strength
C) Thirst for new markets
D) Belief in cultural superiority
E) Serve as a solution to American overproduction and related problems of unemployment and economic depression
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
A) Thirst for new markets- Thanks to many advancements in technology there was more production than consumption of American products. This meant the country needed a place to supply them with raw materials and a market to sell their extra goods in. With new markets there would be new jobs to help fix the economic depression and decrease the number of unemployed.
B)Desire for military strength- Military presence around the world was growing pressuring Americans to build their own strength which led them to compete for a high naval power. This resulted in America having nine steel-hulled cruisers and being the world's third largest naval power.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
Alaska was known as Seward's Folly because at the time it was acquired many doubted this decision as being useful but as time passed it became a state that was rich in wood, minerals, and oil.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
Sugar plantations accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth in the mid-19th century. the Americans controlled this product.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
A) To continue manifest destiny
B) Desire for military strength
C) Thirst for new markets
D) Belief in cultural superiority
E) Serve as a solution to American overproduction and related problems of unemployment and economic depression
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
A) Thirst for new markets- Thanks to many advancements in technology there was more production than consumption of American products. This meant the country needed a place to supply them with raw materials and a market to sell their extra goods in. With new markets there would be new jobs to help fix the economic depression and decrease the number of unemployed.
B)Desire for military strength- Military presence around the world was growing pressuring Americans to build their own strength which led them to compete for a high naval power. This resulted in America having nine steel-hulled cruisers and being the world's third largest naval power.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
Alaska was known as Seward's Folly because at the time it was acquired many doubted this decision as being useful but as time passed it became a state that was rich in wood, minerals, and oil.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
Sugar plantations accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth in the mid-19th century. the Americans controlled this product.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
- King Kalakaua was forced to amend Hawaii's constitution and give voting rights to only the wealthy landowners.
- Kalakaua dies in 1891 but his sister Queen Liliuokalani takes power.
- She wants to remove the qualifications for voting.
- John L. Stevens disagrees with the idea and sets up a revolution against the queen putting Sanford B. Dole in power.
- President Cleveland demanded that the queen be put back into power but Dole refused to give up his thrown.
- Cleveland then recognized the country as the Republic of Hawaii but if a majority of Hawaiians favored annexation he would consider it.
- In 1897 William McKinley took over the Presidential office. He favored annexation.
- On August 12,1898 Hawaii was proclaimed as an American territory by Congress but Hawaiians weren't given the chance to vote.
- Hawaii becomes the 50th state in the U.S. in 1959.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Progressive Era Presidents Taft and Wilson
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
William Howard Taft was handpicked by Teddy Roosevelt to run for presidency.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
Unlike Roosevelt, Taft believed in progressivism and took action cautiously. First Taft did not expand on Roosevelt's reforms but intstead consolidated them. Second progressives believed Taft went against them when he signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff which only moderated the high rates in the Aldrich Bill. They instead wanted him to sign the Payne Bill, which lowered rates on imported manufactured goods. Later the public became furious when this resulted in a higher cost of living. Then Taft angered conservatives by appointing Ballinger, who was against coservative control of western lands, as his secretary. They were further enraged when he fired Pinchot for voicing against Ballinger when he fired an official for going against him. Finally this resulted in controversies within the Republican Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
First there was a split in the Republican Party. Second Wilson supported the New Freedom. He also supported small businesses and free-market competition; thus being he opposed business monopolies and categorized them as evil.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
The two key antitrust measures that were taking was the Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Trade Commission Act. The Clayton Antitrust Act tried to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting corporations from aquiring the stock of another doing so would create a monopoly. The Federal Trade Commission had the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to unfair business practices.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment was an amendment that allowed women to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
When America entered World War I progress of reform had come to a standstill. This lasted throughout Wilson's second term causing an end to the Progressive Era.
William Howard Taft was handpicked by Teddy Roosevelt to run for presidency.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
Unlike Roosevelt, Taft believed in progressivism and took action cautiously. First Taft did not expand on Roosevelt's reforms but intstead consolidated them. Second progressives believed Taft went against them when he signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff which only moderated the high rates in the Aldrich Bill. They instead wanted him to sign the Payne Bill, which lowered rates on imported manufactured goods. Later the public became furious when this resulted in a higher cost of living. Then Taft angered conservatives by appointing Ballinger, who was against coservative control of western lands, as his secretary. They were further enraged when he fired Pinchot for voicing against Ballinger when he fired an official for going against him. Finally this resulted in controversies within the Republican Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
First there was a split in the Republican Party. Second Wilson supported the New Freedom. He also supported small businesses and free-market competition; thus being he opposed business monopolies and categorized them as evil.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
The two key antitrust measures that were taking was the Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Trade Commission Act. The Clayton Antitrust Act tried to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting corporations from aquiring the stock of another doing so would create a monopoly. The Federal Trade Commission had the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to unfair business practices.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment was an amendment that allowed women to vote.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
When America entered World War I progress of reform had come to a standstill. This lasted throughout Wilson's second term causing an end to the Progressive Era.
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Photograph A
Objective:This child is working/posing in a cotton mill with a room full of looms. Her clothes seem old and raggedy. her height tells us she's quite young.
Subjective:I think her life might be extremely hard because she works long hours in the mill with next to nothing pay. Its also sad that this child does not even know her own age. Also she must have needed to be very cautious working around the open machinery which is located everywhere.
Photograph B
Objective:Most of these girls do not have a happy expression on their face. There is hay in their hair and their clothes have begun to wore out. Also their hair needs to be tied up so it doesn't get caught in the machinery.
Subjective:Their expression tells us work is not easy.Theri appearance shows that they are tired from working all day.
Photograph C
Objective:the picture is of a young child not more than the age of eight in old clothing in a row between the looms.
Subjective:in the author's note what does it mean by "she just happened in" or "are helping sister"? The girl has a grave look on her face meaning something must be wrong. She has no shoes meaning she couldn't afford them. Also she has cotton scraps on her telling us she's been working hard all day.
Photograph D
Objective: In this picture there is a young boy with a sad look on his face. he is trying to sell newspapers.
Subjective:The way everyone else is dressed gives me the idea that it must be cold outside. His sad face says that not many people are buying his papers.
Photograph E
Objective:this picture is of young boys working in a mine and being overseen by older men, who would sometimes kick or prod them. The boys are covered in soot.
Subjective:If they were covered in soot, they must be breathing it in also which would have caused great damages to their lungs like stated in the author's note.
Photograph F
Objective:There are young boys who are working around open machinery,some of them have ripped or oversized clothes. Others appear to be sweaty.
Subjective:These boys must be working hard because they appear sweaty. also their pay must be low if they could not afford a new shirt.If their clothes are baggy it could have been worn by an older sibling before or it was bought so it could last a couple of years.
Photograph G
Objective:There are tons of people from all different ages working.
Subjective:According to the author's note the little girl is a real help to her mother. This is probably true because there was probably an extrodinary amount of work and any help is good. The girl who is refered to by the author must not be older than seven.
Photograph H
Objective:the picture shows children coming to work on a cold night. They are not properly clothed.
Subjective:Adccording to the author's note it is a winter night. The small girls only earn 84 cents. They have been working for two years while their older sisters for seven. They need to support their lazy father who says he is too ill to work. With a wage of 84 cents per child it would be barely enough to get by especially without their father working. They also would have had to work long hours to meet this amount they needed.
Objective:This child is working/posing in a cotton mill with a room full of looms. Her clothes seem old and raggedy. her height tells us she's quite young.
Subjective:I think her life might be extremely hard because she works long hours in the mill with next to nothing pay. Its also sad that this child does not even know her own age. Also she must have needed to be very cautious working around the open machinery which is located everywhere.
Photograph B
Objective:Most of these girls do not have a happy expression on their face. There is hay in their hair and their clothes have begun to wore out. Also their hair needs to be tied up so it doesn't get caught in the machinery.
Subjective:Their expression tells us work is not easy.Theri appearance shows that they are tired from working all day.
Photograph C
Objective:the picture is of a young child not more than the age of eight in old clothing in a row between the looms.
Subjective:in the author's note what does it mean by "she just happened in" or "are helping sister"? The girl has a grave look on her face meaning something must be wrong. She has no shoes meaning she couldn't afford them. Also she has cotton scraps on her telling us she's been working hard all day.
Photograph D
Objective: In this picture there is a young boy with a sad look on his face. he is trying to sell newspapers.
Subjective:The way everyone else is dressed gives me the idea that it must be cold outside. His sad face says that not many people are buying his papers.
Photograph E
Objective:this picture is of young boys working in a mine and being overseen by older men, who would sometimes kick or prod them. The boys are covered in soot.
Subjective:If they were covered in soot, they must be breathing it in also which would have caused great damages to their lungs like stated in the author's note.
Photograph F
Objective:There are young boys who are working around open machinery,some of them have ripped or oversized clothes. Others appear to be sweaty.
Subjective:These boys must be working hard because they appear sweaty. also their pay must be low if they could not afford a new shirt.If their clothes are baggy it could have been worn by an older sibling before or it was bought so it could last a couple of years.
Photograph G
Objective:There are tons of people from all different ages working.
Subjective:According to the author's note the little girl is a real help to her mother. This is probably true because there was probably an extrodinary amount of work and any help is good. The girl who is refered to by the author must not be older than seven.
Photograph H
Objective:the picture shows children coming to work on a cold night. They are not properly clothed.
Subjective:Adccording to the author's note it is a winter night. The small girls only earn 84 cents. They have been working for two years while their older sisters for seven. They need to support their lazy father who says he is too ill to work. With a wage of 84 cents per child it would be barely enough to get by especially without their father working. They also would have had to work long hours to meet this amount they needed.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
TR's Square Deal
1. How did Roosevelt create the modern presidency?
Roosevelt created the modern presidency by setting an example with his leadership and use of publicity campaigns.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
Roosevelt's intervention set a new principle. This was that when public welfare was at stake, especially due to strikes at this time, the government was expected to step in to help settle the dispute.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
In the public's best interests, President Roosevelt tried to delete the trusts and to gain more control railroads to make sure they do not cheat or hurt the people. His goal was federal regulation. Trusts would extremely lower prices to drive out competition and then extremely raise prices when there was no competition. Roosevelt tried to dissolve and break up trusts using the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was successful but was unable to slow the merger movement. Railroad companies tried to collude by fixing high prices in a certain area. This became prohibited when Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act. Meeting Roosevelt's needs the Elkins Act was passed, which prohibited the railroads from giving, and people from accepting, rebates given to use one certain railroad. It also prohibited them from changing rates without public notification. The the Hepburn Act was passed limiting the the distribution of free railroad passes. Roosevelt took these actions to stop the trust and railroads.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
Meat Inspection Act
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, 1.8 million acres for water-power sites, and 80 million acres for mineral and water resource exploration. With the National Reclamation Act money from public land funded irrigation projects.
Roosevelt created the modern presidency by setting an example with his leadership and use of publicity campaigns.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
Roosevelt's intervention set a new principle. This was that when public welfare was at stake, especially due to strikes at this time, the government was expected to step in to help settle the dispute.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
In the public's best interests, President Roosevelt tried to delete the trusts and to gain more control railroads to make sure they do not cheat or hurt the people. His goal was federal regulation. Trusts would extremely lower prices to drive out competition and then extremely raise prices when there was no competition. Roosevelt tried to dissolve and break up trusts using the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was successful but was unable to slow the merger movement. Railroad companies tried to collude by fixing high prices in a certain area. This became prohibited when Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act. Meeting Roosevelt's needs the Elkins Act was passed, which prohibited the railroads from giving, and people from accepting, rebates given to use one certain railroad. It also prohibited them from changing rates without public notification. The the Hepburn Act was passed limiting the the distribution of free railroad passes. Roosevelt took these actions to stop the trust and railroads.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
Meat Inspection Act
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, 1.8 million acres for water-power sites, and 80 million acres for mineral and water resource exploration. With the National Reclamation Act money from public land funded irrigation projects.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Urbanzation.
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization was the rapid growth of cities caused by the promise of industrial jobs. It resulted in a new lower standard of urban poor.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Inventions in the farming industry made it more efficient resulting in need for fewer laborers. Farms began to merge causing people to relocate to the cities in search of any type of work.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
City dwellers usually lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenements. Laws for the minimum standards of plumbing and ventilation were passed, all with good intentions but resulted in worse conditions when people placed garbage in air shafts. Until water was finally filtered in the 1870s it was not sanitary and even though a piping system was laid, water could not be easily accessed at home. People had to fill up buckets from public waterworks and heat them for baths.
Urbanization was the rapid growth of cities caused by the promise of industrial jobs. It resulted in a new lower standard of urban poor.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Inventions in the farming industry made it more efficient resulting in need for fewer laborers. Farms began to merge causing people to relocate to the cities in search of any type of work.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
City dwellers usually lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenements. Laws for the minimum standards of plumbing and ventilation were passed, all with good intentions but resulted in worse conditions when people placed garbage in air shafts. Until water was finally filtered in the 1870s it was not sanitary and even though a piping system was laid, water could not be easily accessed at home. People had to fill up buckets from public waterworks and heat them for baths.
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